American Board of Surgery Qualifying Exam (ABS QE) Practice Test

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Which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

  1. Decrease calcium reabsorption in DCT

  2. Decrease osteoclast activity

  3. Increase calcium reabsorption in DCT

  4. Increase phosphorus secretion

The correct answer is: Increase calcium reabsorption in DCT

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis within the body. One significant function of PTH is to increase calcium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of the kidneys. This process directly helps to elevate serum calcium levels when they are low. When PTH is secreted, it acts on the renal tubules to enhance the reabsorption of calcium back into the bloodstream. Simultaneously, it promotes the excretion of phosphate, which is done through various mechanisms including increasing the activity of renal phosphate transporters. This dual action not only raises calcium levels but also prevents the rise of phosphate levels in the serum. Thus, focusing on the increase of calcium reabsorption in the DCT highlights PTH's role in maintaining overall mineral balance and responding to the physiological needs of the body. The body's ability to adjust calcium levels is vital for functions like muscle contraction and blood clotting.

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