American Board of Surgery Qualifying Exam (ABS QE) Practice Test

Which combination of cancer types shows a very high radiosensitivity?

1. Sarcomas and carcinomas

2. Seminomas and lymphomas

3. Melanomas and gliomas

4. Ovarian and pancreatic cancers

The correct answer is: Seminomas and lymphomas

Seminomas and lymphomas are known to have a high sensitivity to radiation therapy compared to other cancer types. This is primarily due to their cellular characteristics and the fact that they typically involve tissues that respond well to radiation. Seminomas, a type of testicular cancer, are particularly responsive because they are composed of germ cells that are highly proliferative and more susceptible to damage from ionizing radiation. This makes radiation an effective treatment modality for this cancer type, especially in early-stage disease. Lymphomas, including both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin varieties, also exhibit high radiosensitivity. These cancers typically arise from immune system cells, often located in regions that can be effectively targeted by radiation therapy. The rapid proliferation of the neoplastic lymphocytes and their receptiveness to radiation further enhance the effectiveness of this treatment. In contrast, the other cancer combinations listed have varying levels of radiosensitivity. Sarcomas often exhibit resistance to radiation, requiring higher doses for effective treatment. Carcinomas generally also show variable responses to radiation depending on the subtype. Similarly, melanomas and gliomas have mixed responses, with melanoma being notably more resistant to radiation compared to seminomas and lymphomas. Ovarian and pancreatic cancers likewise are often less responsive