American Board of Surgery Qualifying Exam (ABS QE) Practice Test

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What condition is commonly associated with the use of Bleomycin?

Pulmonary fibrosis
Nephrotoxicity
Myelosuppression
Peripheral neuropathy

The correct answer is: Pulmonary fibrosis

The correct answer is commonly associated with pulmonary fibrosis due to the known side effects of Bleomycin. This medication, often used in the treatment of certain types of cancers, especially lymphomas and testicular cancer, is recognized for its potential to induce lung toxicity. The mechanism involves damage to the alveolar epithelium and subsequent inflammatory processes that can lead to scarring of lung tissue, a condition known as pulmonary fibrosis. In patients receiving Bleomycin, monitoring pulmonary function is crucial, as the risk of developing this complication increases with higher cumulative doses and in individuals with pre-existing lung disease or those who smoke. The onset of pulmonary fibrosis can be insidious, developing weeks to months after treatment begins, which emphasizes the importance of awareness among clinicians and patients regarding this risk.